Impact of FDI on Domestic Firms' Exports in China

Using manufacturing industry firm-level census data from the period of 2000-2003 in China, this paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic firms' exports. After dealing with econometric problems of endogeneity and sample selection, we find that foreign direct investment in China has had a positive impact on domestic firms' export value through backward industrial linkages and a positive impact on domestic firms' export propensities in the same industry through demonstration effects. In particular, non-exporting FDI firms and FDI firms producing homogeneous products are more likely to generate the positive export spillovers to domestic firms through industrial linkages while exporting FDI firms and FDI firms producing heterogeneous products are more likely to generate positive export spillovers to domestic firms through demonstration effects in the same industry.Foreign Direct Investment, export spillovers, industrial linkage

Efficient polarization entanglement purification based on parametric down-conversion sources with cross-Kerr nonlinearity

We present a way for entanglement purification based on two parametric down-conversion (PDC) sources with cross-Kerr nonlinearities. It is comprised of two processes. The first one is a primary entanglement purification protocol for PDC sources with nondestructive quantum nondemolition (QND) detectors by transferring the spatial entanglement of photon pairs to their polarization. In this time, the QND detectors act as the role of controlled-not (CNot) gates. Also they can distinguish the photon number of the spatial modes, which provides a good way for the next process to purify the entanglement of the photon pairs kept more. In the second process for entanglement purification, new QND detectors are designed to act as the role of CNot gates. This protocol has the advantage of high yield and it requires neither CNot gates based on linear optical elements nor sophisticated single-photon detectors, which makes it more convenient in practical applications.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

The Development and Role of China\u27s Revolutionary Press, 1899-1911

In the winter of 1899 Dr. Sun Yat-sen, founder of the Chinese Republic and leader of the Revolution, dispatched Chen Hsiao-pai, a revolutionary from Canton, to Hong Kong to start Chung-kuo jih-pao (Chinese Daily). It was the first revolutionary newspaper. In the years that followed, revolutionary publications sprang like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. From 1903, until the Wuchang uprising in 1911, 338 revolutionary journals were published in China and overseas. There were 216 newspapers and 122 magazines. The working staffs of revolutionary journals, including columnists, editors and sponsoring publishers, numbered in the thousands . The speed of their development and their important position in the revolution make it difficult to find a counterpart in journalistic history. This thesis examines the role revolutionary newspapers played in the period between 1899 and the Wuchang uprising in 1911, which was considered the turning point in Chinese history. The Wuchang uprising ended the dictatorship of the Chinese empire. The sources for the thesis have been original copies of some of the newspapers, and histories, biographies, memoranda, and historical and political documents. Most of the references are available only in the library of National Cheng-Chi University in Taipei, Taiwan, and in the collection of the Committee on the Chinese Nationalist Party History. Some newspapers have been translated into English by Mary Backus Rankin in her book, Early Chinese Revolutionaries Radical Intellectuals in Shanghai and Chekiang, 1902-1911 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), and Lin Yu-tang\u27s A History of the Press and Public Opinion (Chicago : The University of Chicago Press, 1936), Lin Yu-tang, My Country and My People (New York: John Day Company, Inc., 1935), and Mary Clabaugh Wright, China in Revolution: The First Phase 1900-1913 (New Haven : Yale University Press, 1968)

A 1+5-dimensional gravitational-wave solution: curvature singularity and spacetime singularity

We solve a $1+5$-dimensional cylindrical gravitational-wave solution of the Einstein equation, in which there are two curvature singularities. Then we show that one of the curvature singularities can be removed by an extension of the spacetime. The result exemplifies that the curvature singularity is not always a spacetime singularity; in other words, the curvature singularity cannot serve as a criterion for spacetime singularities

Scalar scattering in Schwarzschild spacetime: Integral equation method

An integral equation method for scalar scattering in Schwarzschild spacetime is constructed. The zeroth-order and first-order scattering phase shift is obtained